Cozomo de' Medici Without a concord in sight, the "Tuscan question" became dormant. Lucrezia de' Medici (14 February 1545 - 21 April 1561) was a member of the House of Medici and by marriage Duchess consort of Ferrara, Modena and Reggio from 1558-1561.. Married to the intended husband of her elder sister Maria, who died young, her marriage was short and unhappy. [31] Charles VI was furious; he replied that the Grand Duchy was an imperial fief and therefore he alone possessed the prerogative to alter the laws of succession. Gian Gastone de Medici was born in 1671 as the second son of Cosimo III de Medici and Marguerite Louise dOrlans. The Last Medici. [46] Gian Gastone, knowing the Dowager Electress probably would never succeed, went about ensuring his sister's inheritance of all the House of Medici's private property. La famiglia Medici, conosciuta anche come la Casa dei Medici, ottenne per la prima volta ricchezza e potere politico a Firenze, in Italia, nel XIII secolo grazie al suo successo . [53], Gian Gastone died from "an accumulation of diseases" on 9 July 1737, surrounded by prelates and his sister. Finally, he returned to Florence in 1708 much to the chagrin of his father and separated from Anna Maria. Historical documents suggest that Anna Maria Luisa de' Medici suffered from . "The Last Medici centres mainly round the fantastic figures of Princess Marguerite-Louise d'Orlans and her husband Cosimo III, most fatal of all the Medicean sovereigns. Living in Florence, Italy, he has been the Grand Duke of Tuscany (a sovereign entity without territory) since 2017. Garrido, Fernando; Cayley, Charles Bagot (1876). Cosimo de Medici finds himself at the helm of his banking dynasty when his father, Giovanni, dies suddenly. [57] Charles de Brosses, a French politician and writer, wrote, in 1739, "The Tuscans would give two-thirds of their property to have the Medici back, and the other third to get rid of the Lorrainers. The Medici family believed that paying for art, then giving it away to the church and city was their "Stairway to Heaven.". Start by marking The Last Medici as Want to Read: Error rating book. , Item Weight We haven't found any reviews in the usual places. 95204 Homes for Sale $384,843. [64] She was interred in the crypt that she helped to complete in San Lorenzo; although not entirely finished at the time of her death, her testament stipulated that part of the revenue of her estate should "be used to continue, finish and perfectthe said famous chapel San Lorenzo". [12] At the same time, Gian Gastone sank into a state of melancholy. After the death of Johann Wilhelm, Anna Maria Luisa returned to Florence, where she enjoyed the rank of first lady until the accession of her brother Gian Gastone, who banished her to the Villa La Quiete. The beginning of the Medici power took place in banking, where Giovanni di Bicci de Medici grew the Medicibanks in and outside Florence. [3] Charles later transferred his claim to Francis Stephen of Lorraine pursuant to a preliminary peace that was finalized in 1738. Violante Beatrice organised banquets to remove him from the sway of the Ruspanti. What people are saying - Write a review. depicts Cosimo Is crowning in Heaven, the artist portrays the Medici ruler as ruling both Florence and Heaven, watching over the world as God does. The latter was reluctant to cede his homeland to France, but the Holy Roman Emperor (soon to be his father-in-law) compelled him. [6] Cosimo and Marguerite Louise frequently quarreled. She was named after her maternal aunt Anne Marie Louise d'Orlans, Duchess of Montpensier. [39] To keep the two ladies from quarrelling over precedence, Cosimo III defined Violante Beatrice's status just before the Electress's arrival by appointing her Governess of Siena. Giorgio Vasari, Apotheosis of Cosimo I, 1563-1565, Palazzo Vecchio Museum, Florence, Italy. Rinnucci was horrified to learn that the Archbishop of Prague was among his creditors. [23], Anna Maria Luisa arranged a marriage for her younger brother at the instigation of their father: On 2 July 1697 Gian Gastone de' Medici married Anna Maria Franziska of Saxe-Lauenburg, heiress of the eponymous duchy, in Dsseldorf. [23] Forced once again to quell his enmity towards his wife, Gian Gastone returned to Reichstadt as per the Holy Roman Emperor and Holy Roman Empress's advice. [27] Cosimo and she were at odds with the proposal. The last Medici ruler died without a male heir in 1737, ending the family dynasty after almost three centuries. The last Medici, Anna Maria de Louisa de' Medici, died in 1743. : Gian Gastone de' Medici (born Giovanni Battista Gastone; 24 May 1671 - 9 July 1737) was the seventh and last Medicean Grand Duke of Tuscany.. Although it was decided in 1718 that Charles of Bourbon would succeed the Grand Duke of Tuscany after his death, Charles occupied the Grand Duchy of Tuscany and eventually took control of Naples in 1733 during the War of Polish Succession. (Francis was forced to surrender Lorraine to Stanisaw Leszczyski, the losing claimant to the Polish throne. [5], On 24 May 1671, the first anniversary of his grandfather Ferdinando II's death, Giovanni Battista Gastone de' Medici was born in Florence to Grand Duke Cosimo III and Marguerite Louise d'Orlans. [43] The Governor reigned supreme over Tuscan society, and Gian Gastone delegated most of his public duties to her, and chose to spend most of his time in bed. [16] Gian Gastone, unable to rein in his disgust, abandoned Anna Maria Franziska for Paris after one year in Reichstadt. Lorenzo de' Medici was the last great ruler of the Medici banking dynasty, and perhaps it's greatest patron. Another example can be found in the coins that were minted during his fathers reign versus the coins during his reign. View All. He grew up surrounded by the arts and academic scholarship, becoming a fervent antiquarian and one of the most educated members of the family. [43] Here, Gian Gastone was entertained by the Ruspanti, a team of poor, handsome young men assembled by Dami, who performed sexual acts for and with the Grand Duke. However, Spain, Great Britain, Austria and the Dutch Republic disregarded Cosimo's plan and appointed Charles of Spainwhose mother, Elisabeth Farnese, was a great-granddaughter of Margherita de' MediciGian Gastone's heir. You can learn more about him here. We dont share your credit card details with third-party sellers, and we dont sell your information to others. [13] The bride-to-be was hailed as "more like a Bohemian peasant than a princess" by a contemporary. This study, though, serves as a memorial to what once was fairly common--works written by the deeply learned man of letters in a witty and non-judgmental manner (don't think Strachey and his condescending and thinly researched, Eminent Victorians). He has a certain fondness for his lovable rogues and poltroons masquerading as faded Italian . [57] Anna Maria Luisa, the Dowager Electress Palatine, rushed to his bedside when it became apparent he would not recover. Every contribution, however big or small, is very valuable for our future. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. During his reign as de facto leader of the Florentine Republic, he held together political alliances while sponsoring artists and encouraging the peak of the Italian Renaissance . In 1743, the last member of the family that had ruled Florence for almost 300 years died a slow and painful death. By the time of the Spanish withdrawal, the Grand Duke was dying from "an accumulation of diseases". , ISBN-10 [49] To dispel the said rumours, the Electress compelled him to make an appearancehis last onein 1729, on the feast day of the patron saint of Florence, John the Baptist. [19] Thus, he went to Prague alone but for his suite and favourite attendant, Giuliano Dami. [27] The closed court that Gian Gastone did keep was dominated by his favourite, Dami. Charles VI had previously offered the Grand Duke territorial compensationin the form of the State of Presidiif he chose quickly, but reneged. As a result, Cosimo IIIs second son grew up with disdain for his fathers rulership and lacked interest in politics. One of the most notable of them is Prince Ottaviano de Medici. They were wealthy bankers, savvy businessmen, and brilliant political strategists. Pope Martin V 2 episodes, 2016 Francesca Del Fa . [58] Gian Gastone could not eat anything, and his condition steadily worsened; Anna Maria Luisa subsequently had him moved to a clean bed. In order to rally Gian Gastone to its cause, Spain, concerned that another Medicean cardinalGian Gastone's uncle, Francesco Maria de' Medici, Duke of Rovere and Montefeltro, already enjoyed that dignitywould tip the scales in favour of France at a Papal conclave, offered to create him "General of the Spanish Seas". Please try again. The . [4] Francis Stephen duly succeeded at Gian Gastone's demise, on 9 July 1737, ending almost 300 years of Medici rule over Florence. But think again, dear friends. The curtains closed on almost 300 years of Medici rule in Florence with the death of Gian Gastone de' Medici, the seventh family member to serve as grand duke of Tuscany. Author. 95240 Homes for Sale. Gian Gastone's once acclaimed complexion and weight were ruined by the course of dissipation he pursued in Prague, becoming blotchy and bloated respectively. etina (cs) Deutsch (de) English (en) . The last act closes on Gian Gastone, their cynical younger son, bedridden in the Pitti Palace, a florid figure of despair, with the Powers of Europe ever on the alert for the . When Gian Gastone died in 1737, Francis Stephen's envoy offered Anna Maria Luisa the position of nominal regent of Tuscany, but she declined. [37] All his ambitions in regards to the succession being thwarted, Cosimo III distributed one final proclamation shortly before his death, on 31 October 1723, decreeing that the Electress shall succeed Gian Gastone. Jacques Louis David, Napoleon Crossing the Alps, 1901-05 in the Louvre. [8] However, it was these traits that earned Gian Gastone the disdain of his father and of his elder brother, Grand Prince Ferdinando; Gian Gastone was thus granted a scant allowance by his father and therefore could not enjoy the "dissipations" of court. A political family drama set in Florence in the early fifteenth century. The Medici were a wealthy and powerful family of Italian bankers and merchants. The last Medici by Harold Mario Mitchell Acton, Harold Acton, 1980, Macmillan London edition, in English. The Medici dynasty begins in 1434 and ends in 1737, when the last Medici dies. This becomes clearer when one understands their common ancestor: Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici, father to both Lorenzo the Elder and Cosimo de' Medici. The couple despised each other and had no children. Concerned for the future of the dynasty, Cosimo urged the Electress to find Gian Gastonecurrently the only one of his siblings unmarrieda suitable bride. Peter's ministers declined, fearing that Anna Maria Luisa might have inherited her mother's temperament, and may seek to dominate Peter II while being herself intractible to reason. Goodreads helps you keep track of books you want to read. In 1697, he was forced to marry Anna Maria of Saxe-Lauenburg and leave Florence to move to a small village in Bohemia. He grew up surrounded by the arts and academic scholarship, becoming a fervent antiquarian and one of the most educated members of the family. . Lorenzo de' Medici (January 1, 1449 - April 9, 1492) - called Il Magnifico (The Magnificent) - is probably the most well-known member of the Medici family; he was the son of Piero de' Medici and Lucrezia Tornabuoni and the grandson of Cosimo the Elder.. Agostino Steffani, a polymath, was sponsored by the Electress from his arrival in Dsseldorf, in 1703, until her return to Tuscany; the Conservatorio Luigi Cherubini library in Florence houses two editions of his chamber duets. Near him are the remains of many De Medici children who were buried in unmarked graves. Cosimo granted her a pension of 80,000 livres in compensation. Cynthia Miller Lawrence, an American art-historian, argues that Anna Maria Luisa thus provisioned for Tuscany's future economy through tourism. [45] She refurbished La Quiete's house and gardens with the assistance of Sebastiano Rapi, the gardener of the Boboli Gardens, and the architects Giovanni Battista Foggini and Paolo Giovanozzi. [34], The Electress returned to Florence in October 1717, following the death of her husband the previous summer. [2] In regards to this, her most notable act was the Patto di Famiglia ("Family Pact"), signed on 31 October 1737. Brief content visible, double tap to read full content. At the accompanying festivities, a contemporary describes the Electress's physical attributes: "In her person, she is tall, her complexion was fair, her eyes large and expressive, both those and her hair were black; her mouth was small, with a fullness of the lips; her teeth were as white as ivory."[11], She departed for Dsseldorf, her husbands capital, on 6 May 1691, accompanied by her younger brother, Gian Gastone. Ferdinand Richter, Portrait of Gian Gastone de Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, 1737, Palazzo Pitti, Florence, Italy. Has PDF. This page was last edited on 3 January 2023, at 16:11. [23][24] The Marquis concluded that nothingnot even the Holy Roman Empress's reproachescould compel Anna Maria Franziska to Florence, where Gian Gastone longed to be. A patron of the arts, she bequeathed the Medicis' large art collection, including the contents of the Uffizi, Palazzo Pitti and the Medicean villas . The dynasty collapsed with a debauched duke. Be the first to ask a question about The Last Medici. [27], The Grand Prince finally succumbed to syphilis on 30 October 1713, sparking a succession crisis. In 1723, Gastone assumed the throne following his fathers death, acquiring Florence that was bankrupt, politically weak, and struggling with rising poverty. [12] Consequently, Johann Wilhelm was ultimately chosen. A scientific examination found no traces of syphilis, which she had long been thought to have died from. Did Galileo tutor the Medici? Rumours abounded that the Grand Duke had died, as the public never saw him. Donate . [38], The Tuscany Gian Gastone inherited was in a pitiful state: the army numbered less than 3,000, the royal coffer was empty and Florence was full of beggars. The dynasty collapsed with a debauched duke. [45] Consequently, the Electress was compelled to abandon her apartment in the left wing of the royal palace, the Pitti, for the Villa La Quiete. The Palatinate Anna Maria Luisa arrived in was ravaged by the ongoing Nine Years' War, in which Louis XIV assaulted the Palatinate on behalf of his brother, Philippe of France, Duke of Orlans, occupying the city of Philippsburg in the process. It was replaced with a modern coffin. Art in Exile: Refugee Artists Who Found a Welcome in Wales, Joanna of Castile: Story of a Misunderstood Queen in Portraits, The Inked Ladies. Why did the Medici family lose power? He is well known for his contribution to the art . [24] Gian Gastone's wife repulsed him, and for that reason, they separated in 1708. [57] One of his final acts was to order the erection of a statue of Galileo Galilei, who was patronised by his great-grandfather Cosimo II and his grandfather Grand Duke Ferdinando II, in the Basilica of Santa Croce. [8], Cosimo III considered compelling Gian Gastone to become a cardinal. Gian Gastone de' Medici (born Giovanni Battista Gastone; 24 May 1671 9 July 1737) was the seventh and last Medicean Grand Duke of Tuscany. 13. Please try again. Bring your club to Amazon Book Clubs, start a new book club and invite your friends to join, or find a club thats right for you for free. Furthermore, after the French occupied Tuscany in 1799, the public lamented their desire to have the late Medici ruler return to the throne, despite him being dead for 62 years. ] at the helm of his father, Giovanni, dies suddenly her the last medici aunt Marie... Maternal aunt Anne Marie Louise d'Orlans, Duchess of Montpensier of his banking dynasty when his father, Giovanni dies. 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