Boumerds formed from parts of Alger and Tizi Ouzou; El Bayadh split from Sada; El Oued split from Biskra; El Tarf 1964: Name of Orlansville department changed to El Asnam. Hierarchical administrative subdivision codes, Journal Officiel de la Rpublique 0-14 years: 29.58% (male 6,509,490/female 6,201,450)15-24 years: 13.93% (male 3,063,972/female 2,922,368)25-54 years: 42.91% (male 9,345,997/female 9,091,558)55-64 years: 7.41% (male 1,599,369/female 1,585,233)65 years and over: 6.17% (male 1,252,084/female 1,401,357) (2020 est. arrondissement of Batna department. Women may seek divorce for irreconcilable differences and violation of a prenuptial agreement. Illegal migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly Malians, Nigeriens, and Gambians, continue to come to Algeria in search of work or to use it as a stepping stone to Libya and Europe. He declared, with considerable accuracy, that Algeria was not a French province but an Arab country, a European colony, and a French camp. This attitude aroused certain hopes among Algerians, but they were destroyed by the emperors downfall in 1870. Since then, it has re-organized twice. There is no single office charged with this task, but all labor inspectors are responsible for enforcing laws regarding child labor. You can add more than one country or area. departments of France. The decision to strike must be approved by majority vote of workers at a general meeting. Sub-Saharan African migrants came to Algeria after its civil war to work in agriculture and mining. The departments were subdivided Regulations require the shareholders and managers of any radio or television channel to be Algerian citizens and prohibit them from broadcasting content that offends values anchored in Algerian society.. Falling under the purview of the Ministry of Justice, the agency has exclusive authority for monitoring all electronic surveillance activities, but the decree did not provide details regarding the limits of surveillance authority or corresponding protections for persons subject to surveillance. The constitution grants the president authority to appoint all prosecutors and judges. It ranks 16th in proven oil reserves. Judges found to have ordered an unlawful detention could be subject to penalties or prosecution. The government provided disability benefits to persons with disabilities who registered. They were The law prohibits discrimination with respect to employment, salary, and work environment based on age, gender, social and marital status, family links, political conviction, disability, national origin and affiliation with a union. ), urban population: 75.3% of total population (2023)rate of urbanization: 1.99% annual rate of change (2020-25 est. Elections for the lower chamber of parliament were held in May 2017 and did not result in significant changes in the composition of the government. ), improved: urban: 99.6% of populationrural: 98.8% of populationtotal: 99.4% of populationunimproved: urban: 0.4% of populationrural: 1.2% of populationtotal: 0.6% of population (2020 est. Freedom of Peaceful Assembly and Association, d. Freedom of Movement, Internally Displaced Persons, Protection of Refugees, and Stateless Persons, Section 3. Other Algerians headed to Europe seeking asylum, although France imposed restrictions. The law requires that a minimum level of essential public services must be maintained during public-sector service strikes, and the government has broad legal authority to requisition public employees. An Defla split from Chlef; An Tmouchent split from Sidi Bel Abbs; Bordj Bou Arrridj split from Stif; Section 2. The Ministry of Religious Affairs required that couples present a government-issued marriage certificate before permitting imams to conduct religious marriage ceremonies. Government Human Rights Bodies: In 2016 the government replaced the National Consultative Commission for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights (CNCPPDH) with the CNDH. The government said pretrial detainees were normally held in cellblocks separate from those that housed the general prison population. Amnesty International maintained an office and actively reported on human rights issues, but it did not receive official authorization to operate from the Ministry of Interior. The southern border has been clearly defined, but the southern Employees who worked longer than the standard workweek received premium pay on a sliding scale from time-and-a-half to double time, depending on whether the overtime occurred on a normal workday, a weekend, or a holiday. The law states that a person claiming domestic abuse must visit a forensic physician for an examination to document injuries and that the physician must determine that the injuries suffered incapacitated the victim for 15 days. Since the subdivision The law provides for collective bargaining by all unions, and the government permitted the exercise of this right for authorized unions. ), lowest 10%: 2.8%highest 10%: 26.8% (1995), revenues: 54.15 billion (2017 est. )forest: 0.8% (2018 est. Overuse of pretrial detention remained a problem. FIS membership is illegal. ), 112 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est. split from Sada; Relizane split from Mostaganem; Souk Ahras split from Guelma; Tindouf split from Bchar; Tipaza ), Algerian dinars (DZD) per US dollar -135.064 (2021 est. At the end of March, the distributor received a notification from the Ministry of Communication to stop importingJeune Afriqueand other titles published by Jeune Afrique Media Group (The Africa ReportandLa Revue). WebGetentrepreneurial.com: Resources for Small Business Entrepreneurs in 2022. [6] The Statesman's Year-Book 1981-82. In recent years the Algerian Government has halted the privatization of state-owned industries and imposed restrictions on imports and foreign involvement in its economy, pursuing an explicit import substitution policy. The UN LOCODE page for Algeria lists locations in the country, some of them with their latitudes and longitudes, some with their ISO 3166-2 codes for their subdivisions. jurisdiction of an igame, which is an acronym for, 1957-01-10: The four territories joined a union called. )$10,800 (2020 est. In most cases, the NGOs continued to hold their meetings and police came to the hotels to end the gatherings. According to the law, associations that apply for accreditation are entitled to receive a response within two months for national organizations, 45 days for interregional-level associations, 40 days for province-level associations, and 30 days for communal organizations. Algeria is divided into 48 wilayat (provinces; sing. Internet users regularly exercised their right to free expression and association online, including through online forums, social media, and email. Authorities generally transferred pretrial detainees, after presenting them before the prosecutor, to prisons rather than holding them in separate detention facilities. The resulting division was as shown below. )note: data cover central government debt as well as debt issued by subnational entities and intra-governmental debt, -$4.608 billion (2021 est. Also see the Department of StatesTrafficking in Persons Reportatwww.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/. Nongovernmental observers believed pretrial detainees comprised a significant portion of the total detainee and prisoner population but did not have specific statistics. Touggourt. )exports: 0 metric tons (2020 est. Algeria has struggled to develop non-hydrocarbon industries because of heavy regulation and an emphasis on state-driven growth. Respect for the Integrity of the Person, Including Freedom from: a. Freedom to Participate in the Political Process, Section 4. The law does not adequately cover migrant workers employed primarily in construction and as domestic workers. The remote location of the camps and lack of government presence resulted in a lack of access by police and courts. ), 18.52 births/1,000 population (2022 est. Fighting escalated into an insurgency, which saw intense violence from 1992-98, resulting in over 100,000 deaths many attributed to indiscriminate massacres of villagers by extremists. If authorities need more than 48 hours to gather additional evidence, they may extend a suspects authorized time in police detention with the prosecutors authorization in the following cases: if charges pertain to an attack on data processing systems, they may extend the time in detention once; if charges relate to state security, they may do so twice; for charges concerning drug trafficking, organized and transnational crime, money laundering, and other currency-related crimes, they may do so three times; and for charges related to terrorism and other subversive activities, they may do so five times for a maximum of 12 days. The Ministry of Labor conducted inspections and in some cases investigated companies suspected of hiring underage workers. Most detainees had prompt access to a lawyer of their choice as accorded by law, and the government provided legal counsel to indigent detainees. The government devoted increasing resources and attention to it. The ministry has not confirmed receipt of fine payment. ), total: 3,790,459 (2020 est. The law states that members of local, provincial, and national assemblies are elected for five-year terms and that presidential elections occur within 30 days prior to the expiration of the presidential term. School administrators must allow migrant and refugee children to enroll in primary school through high school and require only that they present their passport and documentation showing their level of schooling from their home country. It changes the spelling of one province from Government officials monitored political meetings. Nevertheless, the law prohibits unions from associating with political parties and receiving funds from foreign sources. The government supported the countrys Network for the Defense of Childrens Rights (NADA). The first two digits are the same as the two-digit ISO The ministry has 30 days to review the importation application; in the absence of a response after 30 days, the importer may proceed with distribution of the publication. The 89 organizations were given formal notices to abide by the law. Otherwise, the judicial police appoint a doctor. According to a 2012 law, at least 33 percent of seats in elected assemblies are reserved for women. According to the International Organization for Migration (IOM), the government repatriated 35,113 Nigeriens (including 16,478 women and children) from December to August, pursuant to a bilateral agreement at the request of the Nigerien government. After Frances defeat in the Franco-German War, settlers felt they could finally gain more land. (I use "commune" to translate the French "commune," and "municipality" to In-country Movement: The constitution provides citizens the right to freely choose their place of residence and to move throughout the national territory. The government requires that foreign diplomats and private sector personnel have armed security escorts from the government should members of these groups travel outside of Algiers wilaya (province), El-Oued, and Illizi, near hydrocarbon industry installations and the Libyan border, respectively. According to the Ministry of Justice, there were six prosecutions of law enforcement officers for torture during the year. Hotels in Algiers and other major cities continued their practice of refusing to sign rental contracts for meeting spaces with political parties, NGOs, and civil associations without a copy of written authorization from the Ministry of Interior for the proposed gathering. The repatriations were conducted in coordination with consular officials from the countries of origin of the migrants, but the migrants were not permitted to challenge their removal. The law criminalizing speech about security force conduct during the internal conflict of the 1990s remained in place, although the government said there had never been an arrest or prosecution under the law. The Ministry of Labor is responsible for enforcing child labor laws and refers violators to the Ministry of Justice for prosecution. Temporary Protection: The law does not address formal temporary protection, but authorities provided informal, temporary protection to groups such as Syrians and Malians. Other organizations reported they never received any written response to their application request even after calling the ministry and trying to register at local police stations. NGOs also indicated that some migrants were denied treatment at healthcare facilities. When Algeria was under French administration, the official division names were in French. The countrys Jewish population numbered fewer than 200 persons. )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 3.5% (2021 est. 1974-06: Fifteen departments reorganized to form thirty-one. See more Algiers Algiers ( al-Jazer, , Alger) is the capital and largest city of Algeria. ), definition: age 15 and over can read and writetotal population: 81.4%male: 87.4%female: 75.3% (2018), total: 31.9%male: 27.8%female: 54% (2021 est. military territories as the arrondissements were to the civil territories, and the cercles were on a par with Laws prohibiting parental abduction do not penalize mothers and fathers differently, and the punishment for convicted kidnappers includes the death penalty. Although ANEP said in September that it represented only 19 percent of the total advertising market, nongovernmental sources assessed the majority of daily newspapers depended on ANEP-authorized advertising to finance their operations. There were no reports that the government granted refugee status and asylum to new refugee applicants during the year. Refoulement: The government provided some protection against the expulsion or return of refugees to countries where their lives or freedom would be threatened because of their race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion. The Ministry authorized the import of only 350 copies ofJeune Afriquefor delivery to various institutions. Durable Solutions: The government did not accept refugees from foreign countries for resettlement. Human rights issues included unlawful interference with privacy; laws prohibiting certain forms of expression, which were often vague, as well as criminal defamation laws; limits on freedom of the press; restrictions on the freedom of assembly and association including of religious groups; official corruption, including perceptions of lack of judicial independence and impartiality; criminalization of consensual same sex sexual conduct and security force sexual abuse of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex (LGBTI) persons; and trafficking in persons. U.S. exports to Algeria totaled $1.2 billion in 2005, an increase of more than 50% since 2003. )$71.796 billion (31 December 2019 est. 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