The vessel W KYRENIA (IMO: 9211494, MMSI 538009126) is a Container Ship built in 2001 (22 years old) and Thus, it will form a most interesting segment in the final study of the merchant ship, bearing, as it does, on both ancient milling technology and trade patterns within the Classical world. 2023 Institute of Nautical Archaeology. Katzev, M. 1975. Franais : pave de navire marchand grec antique retrouv Kyrenia (Chypre). You can still see the way the wood has been joined together and the groove where the ships mast once stood. Franais : L' pave de Kyrnia est un navire grec It was discovered by Greek-Cypriot diving instructor Andreas Cariolou in November 1965 during a storm. During the summer of 1969 the expedition to Kyrenia completed excavation of the Greek ship, accomplishing what had been projected as two seasons of diving in one expanded campaign There is no evidence of fire or piracy. Required fields are marked *. Worktables and sinks are in use by Miss Frances Talbot who joined the expedition from the Institute of Archaeology, University of London. Department of Archaeology and the History of Art, Ko University, Istanbul, Turkey, You can also search for this author in So, it was decided to dismantle the larger western side of the hull on the bottom, and raise each piece separately. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. to their homes following the barbaric invasion of Turkey in 1974. plates, bowls, ladles, sieves, a copper cauldron, salt dishes, oil jugs, cups We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. As much as 50% of the original wood remained. All these bits of evidence suggest that the ship sailed southwards along the coast of Anatolia calling at Samos, Kos and Rhodes before continuing eastwards to her destruction in Cyprus. These cookies do not store any personal information. boatyard in Athens, Greece. 6), Nara, the old Japanese capital, for the Silk Road Exhibition, Seville for the World Fair, Hamburg for its 700 years commemoration and ten different Greek towns. As a unique, handmade object approximately 14 m long built over two millennia ago, this wooden hull is exceptional, and it and its replicas have become emblematic of seafaring in the Mediterranean Sea during the Hellenistic era. Archaeological Context. Dispensing with the need for rowing stations enabled a much more beamy design of boat to evolve. Philadelphia, PA 19104 assistance from professors Katzev and Steffy constructed an exact replica at a It is clear that the vessel was built in the shell-first manner, that is: the outer planking was assembled first, while the ribs were later laid within it and fixed in position by copper spikes driven in from the outside and clenched over the inner rib face. Next the mast step complex and keel were lifted, and finally the outer planks were cut into manageable lengths and raised. One of these was minted during the reign of Antigonos Monophthalamos (316-301 B.C. The freight found on board originates from Rhodes, Kos and Samos. Copyright 2023 - Kyrenia / Designed & Developed by NETinfo Plc No images, text or other material whatsoever from this website may be copied, published, re-produced or otherwise used without the written permission of yrenia unicipality. A commercial 15-metre long ship built in 389 B.C. For the absence of any cache of precious coins, personal possessions, or skeletal remains suggests the crew did have time to gather up its belongingsand the captain to retrieve his earnings from the voyage. Hello! In short,nothing short of removing a section of the castle battlements would permit an intact transfer. Athens: Hellenic Institute for the Preservation of Nautical Tradition. This armour, the earliest known use of the technique, was intended to guard thehull from marine borers. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. Mediterranean Community Past, Present, Future. In Cyprus and the sea, ed. Its star attraction, the Kyrenia shipwreck, is a 4th century B.C Greek merchant ship and is the oldest example of a Greek ship to be discovered. What tragedy, then, sent their ship to the bottom here, less than a mile from the ancient anchorage at Kyrenia? This theory is argued as there were spear heads found in the hull of the ship and because there were no valuables, coins or personal artifacts discovered on the ship. It is important to note that, 75% of the ship, that measures 15 metres in Diver recovering amphora at the shipwreck. This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. ABOVE: Amphora mound prior to excavation(Photo: INA). Hence the Kyrenia Ship was probably more than eighty years old the day she sank. ), and the other struck in the reign of his son, Demetrios Poliorketes (306294). The basket was then transferred to the Kyrenia dock and slowly trucked by the Public Works Department into the castle court. All of the artifacts recovered in Two heavy wales girded the sides of the hull above the water-line. The Kyrenia ship was a small Greek merchantman which sank off the north coast of Cyprus late in the fourth century B. C. Its timbers have been reconstructed in Kyrenia, Cyprus, where it is displayed along with cargo and artifacts from the wreck. Discovered on the shipwreck were also four plates, four glasses, four wooden spoons, five copper coins dated back to the era of Demetrius the Besieger (306 B.C. Position & Voyage Data Track on Map Add Photo Add to fleet NINGBO OPL ETA: Dec 23, 08:00 Ningbo Anch., China ATA: Dec 23, 09:56 UTC Map position & Weather Newer position via Satellite She hasvirtually completed restoration of the 1968 finds and is at present working on the considerable amount of material recovered in 1969. In the winter of 1967 a Research shows that several fixes were made to the ship, including lead sheathing fixed to the outside of the ship to make it more water tight and a break in the ships keel which had also been mended. and is the oldest Greek vessel ever Rather, he probably had taken out a loan to charter the vessel for the sailing season, a loan to be paid off by a portion of the profits from the voyage. 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Published 5 years ago Cars & vehicles 3D Models Cultural heritage & The wreck of the Kyenia ship was discovered in 1967 close to Kyrenia in Cyprus, hence its name. Grid 4B (gap, under hull) This nearly two-thousand-year-old victim is the earliest physical evidence of piracy. Anywhere one goes, whether this is a country in eastern or western Mediterranean, they can find traces of the Ancient Greeks, who, by defying distances and their fears and by reading the stars, they would discover new worlds and new countries. The average speed varied from 2 to 6 knots. The University Museums excavation of the wreck spanned two summers from 1968 to 1969 and recovered cargo, dining wares, tools, ships rigging, and even four bone eyelets from a sailors sandals. There the wood was washed and placed in fresh-water tanks. The pirates at the time would have looted the ship, captured the sailors as slaves and sunk it. Sailing with him were at least three other crew members, perhaps some of them with vested interests in the cargo. almonds, the bronze coins and the radio carbon dating on the hull indicated that Das Schiff von Kyrenia. The vessel itself was a Greek merchant ship and had a cargo of as many as 500 amphoras which belonged to ten different shape types. National Geographic Society Research Reports 13, pp. Towards this end the excavation opened its storeroom temporarily to groups in the company of the castle custodian. V. Karageorghis and D. Michaelides, 139188. Now, twenty-two centuries later, she will serve us as a monument unique in the history of seafaring. The Kyrenia ship: An interim report on its Hull construction. The ship sailed in the Mediterranean during the lifetime of Alexander the Great and his successors. 389 (44) BC. Sank, 288 (62) BC. The Kyrenia ship is the wreck of a 4th-century BC ancient Greek merchant ship. It was discovered by Greek-Cypriot diving instructor Andreas Cariolou in November 1965 during a storm. Cyprus Ports Authority: Nicosia. Furthermore, a However, as with so many of the rather unique objects from the vessel, their function may be known only after further study. A large portion of the hull was preserved. The Kyrenia ship is the wreck of a 4th-century BC Greek merchant ship. Scattered throughout the stern area were over 100 flat lead rings which probably served in guiding the brail lines used to reef the ships sail. Also, a sailing replica of the ship, launched in 1985 and christened Kyrenia II, was a successful application of experimental archaeology. The wood then went into one large fresh-water bath. Many were the companies, individuals, and government agencies on Cyprus who contributed their help to the project. We had observed a noticeable softening over the summer of those timbers which had been earliest exposed, and we were certain this softening would continue through a winter on the sea bottom. She proved her seaworthiness, with a remarkable ability to sail into the wind. Today, the worlds best preserved shipwreck (70% of it has been preserved) is held captive at the museum of the occupied Castle of Kyrenia. Copyright 1985 by the Archaeological Institute of America. This was proven using the radiocarbon dating method which revealed that various parts of the ship had been built using wood of various ages. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. The radio carbon date on the During the previous summer we had cleared more than 300 amphoras from the upper levels, had come upon a cargo of stone grain mills beneath them, and excavateda small trench to expose a tantalizing look at the ships hull. University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology, Diving Holidays: How to learn Scuba Diving, Useful Turkish words that will help you on your holiday. In cooperation with the National Geographic Society Mr. Bob Dunn recorded the activities of the expedition over its two summers on 16mm film. Kryrenia reconstruction sailing in the Aegean sea. number of querns were found possibly being carried as ballast as well as bronze " KYRENIA II ", Ship model by Chef Andros. REF4232, Michael Katzev and J. Richard Steffy working on the lines drawing (Photo: Susan Katzev). The Kyrenia ship, a Greek merchantman built around 315 BC and sunk off the north coast of Cyprus 294. size=2>291 BC, was excavated between 1967 and 1972 under the direction of Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology pp 15Cite as, 3 Ever since, "Kyrenia II has become the symbol of Forward and aft of the amphora and millstone cargoes the excavators began uncovering more items from the ships cabins. However, most believe that the ship sank after its cargo was dsplaced during a sea storm. A very extensive mass of concreted iron appeared in the stern outside the preserved hull, and adjacent to it lay isolated wooden members which we conjecture may be part of the ships steering mechanism. The results are being readied now for educational use, and will stand as a permanent record of the project. Michael Katzev of the American Once inside the castle, the timbers were washed of any remaining mud, catalogued, and each rib was traced on drafting film to record precisely its original curvature for later reconstruction. The survey and excavation of the site was directed by Michael Katzev between 1967 and 1969. The Kyrenia ship, a Greek merchantman built around 315 BC and sunk off the north coast of Cyprus 294-291 BC, was excavated between 1967 and 1972 under the direction of Michael Katzev. hope and freedom and took part in a number of events all over the world. The remaining portion exposed after his departure in late August was then plotted with a system of pointing rods. The Kyrenia shipwreck was first discovered in 1965 by town councilman Andreas Cariolou. However, it sank just three miles from the port. The Kyrenia ship is the wreck of a 4th-century BC Greek merchant ship. E-mail: [emailprotected], Data Privacy Policy | Website Privacy Notice. They were reused from an earlier ship. Between the preserved hull in the stern and the concretion lay a marble columnarpedestal, its context on shipboard yetan enigma. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. The "Kyrenia II" ship Abstract. A break in the ships keel had been fixed, and the hull was protected with pitch and a skin of lead sheathing, added towards the end of her life.At the time the ship sank, more than 400 wine amphorae, mostly made in Rhodes, constituted its main cargo. Frames, made from naturally curved timber, were not fastened to the keel but were held to the planking by means of clenched copper nails. 564 views Nov 5, 2014 model of the replica ship that was constructed REF4248, Steffy reconstructing the hull (Photo: Susan Katzev). Fax: 22818228 Interesting also is the regular alternation of ribs: one type spans the keel and in a second piece presumably runs the full height to the gunwhale, while its neighbor originates just short of the keel and terminates well above the bilge line. The excavation of this site revealed a very well-preserved assemblage containing amphorae from Chios, Samos, and Rhodes, a collection of personal items suggesting the presence of a captain and a crew of three on board at the time of loss and the remains of approximately 6070% of the original hull. Editorial policy and statement of purpose, The Pillars of Diversity and Inclusion at the University of Chicago Press. The ship was quite old when it was sunk, possibly as much as 80 years old. This piece, grooved as it is with numerous slots and accompanied by two additional half-round bracing members forward, is testimony to the craft of the Greek shipwrighthere demonstrated even in what must have been the most common type of vessel, the merchant ship. To the projects additional sponsors: the Cook Foundation, the National Geographic Society, the Ford Foundation, the National Endowment for the Humanities, Cyprus Mines Corporation, Oberlin College, and the Houghton-Carpenter Foundation, we wish to extend our thanks. Italiano: Nave di Kyrenia. Katzev, Susan Womer. the Kyrenia ship wreckage were properly conserved and are now exhibited in the The island of Aphrodite was among the places the Greeks visited early, loved and inhabited. How many years did our ship sail before her destruction? Category:Kyrenia shipwreck. Cambridge University Library Archives. The site extended about nineteen meters in length and ten meters wide. An underwater archaeological survey of Cape Andreas, Cyprus, 196970: A preliminary report. REF4246, Steffy holding a timber after treatment (Photo: Susan Katzev). 177184. For his program the Institute for Photogrammetry and Topography at the University of Karlsruhe, Germany, generously lent its Zeiss Stereotop. Penn Museum, 1970 Web. Used for the crews meals were thirteen black-glazed echinusbowls, numerous flat plates again black-glazed, and a fourth drinking cup, indicative of the number of crewmen on the last voyage. As the balloon carried the load upwards, the diver followed, deflating the balloon gradually so that the frame would not rise too abruptly as it neared the surface. Whatever the circumstances of her sinking, thisthe oldest Greek ship yet excavatedhas still much to tell us in the years of study ahead. coins. Cambridge Underwater Exploration Group, Salamis Survey 1974. Penn Museum 2023 Report Web Accessibility Issues and Get Help / Contact / Copyright / Disclaimer / Privacy /, Report Web Accessibility Issues and Get Help. The iron and associated wood fragments were to undergo continued excavation as the season progressed, but for the moment, we were satisfied that the limits of the vessel and her cargo had been defined. The ship, called Kyrenia II was finally launched in June 1984. The survey and excavation of the site was directed by Sea and the few parts of them studied have yielded valuable, but yet, incomplete In 1967, Cariolou contacted Michael and Susan Katzev and guided them to the wreck which sat 90 feet below the surface. The Kyrenia ship, constructed, in about 389 BC, of Samos Aleppo pine is a good example of this. Conservation of the raised artifacts took place between 1969 and 1974. The replica was named Kyrenia II and was launched The latest theory as to why the ship sunk is that it may have been attacked by pirates. American Journal of Archaeology 89: 71101. this context the importance of the Kyrenia Ship is significant, as it is the Free shipping for The discovery of the ancient shipwreck of Kyrenia, as well as the scientific studies which followed and still continue to be conducted, created an important opportunity for the ancient naval architecture and navigation to be studied. REF4243, Recording the hull timbers on the seabed (Photo: Susan Katzev). Ancient shipwrecks have been found elsewhere in the Mediterranean The Kyrenia Ship is the earliest example of lead sheathing ever being used on a ship. I n 1981 Manolis Psaros, a boat-builder in Parma, Greece undertook to build a full size replica of the Kyrenia ship. Paramount in our considerations was concern for the optimum conservation of the wood. http://www.penn.museum/sites/expedition/the-kyrenia-shipwreck/, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrenia_ship. No matter how cautiously it was handled throughout the lift and transfer, however, the wood was so pliable that it settled within the trays, and the sections tended to lose their original contours. A publication of the Archaeological Institute of America. Because of its downdraft, helicopter removal would be too dangerous to the softened wood. H. Tzalas, 245256. Website Privacy Notice 1967 and 1969 temporarily to groups in the company of the artifacts recovered Two. `` Kyrenia II was finally launched in 1985 and christened Kyrenia II finally... Probably more than eighty years old the day she sank ( 316-301 B.C, and will stand a. Germany, generously lent its Zeiss Stereotop helicopter removal would be too dangerous to the project preliminary.... From the ancient anchorage at Kyrenia and statement of purpose, the known... Of events all over the world sunk it a successful application of experimental Archaeology many were the companies individuals! 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