Hannibal's father, commander and statesman Hamilcar Barca, chafed at the peace treaty, which forced Carthage to surrender the valuable colony of Sicily and pay remunerations to Rome. 143; Miano, Diccion. A growing number of professional military historians believe that Hannibal Barca was a dark skin ethnically mixed Numidian warrior. Hamilcar Barca was recalled from Sicily and he joined Hanno the Great, who had made significant conquests in Libya while Hamilcar had been in Sicily, to quash the rebellion. The expelled mercenaries took refuge in Italy and again requested Rome to take over Sardinia. The name Hamilcar (PunicPhoenician mlqrt, brother of Melqart) was a common name for Carth Suggesting that the old coin depicts Hannibal simply because the back depicts and elephant seems like wishful thinking. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. The aristocratic party had dominated Carthaginian politics since 248 BC. Hanno marshaled his soldiers, but twice failed to engage the rebels under favorable conditions and twice failed to surprise them on other occasions. They managed to take over all Punic territories in Sardinia. Roman forces led by the consuls Marcus Otacilius Crassus and Marcaus Fabius Licinus achieved little against Hamilcar in 246 BC, and the consuls of 245 BC, Marcus Fabius Bueto and Atilius Bulbus, fared no better. 23 Hamilcar Barca Photos and Premium High Res Pictures - Getty Images FILTERS CREATIVE EDITORIAL VIDEO 23 Hamilcar Barca Premium High Res Photos Browse 23 hamilcar barca stock photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images. [69] The Punic generals pursued Matho's army and won several small-scale engagements. Carthage was on the rise again and eager to create a wider Mediterranean empire. However, as the rebels had no navy, Carthage could draw supplies from the sea and so did not face the threat of starvation. So he did. First Punic War. [9] The situation changed when the surprise attack on the Carthaginian fleet met defeat at the Battle of Drepana[10] and the following Carthaginian victory at the Battle of Phintias; the Romans were all but swept from the sea. The initial conditions laid out by Lutatius to Gisco were:[40], Hamilcar Barca refused the demand to surrender Roman deserters or disarm Carthaginian soldiers, despite being threatened by Lutatius to have the Punic army pass under the yoke. [56] Hamilcar had managed to train his new recruits in some drill and basic battlefield maneuvers before they left Carthage. The carbon dating of the coin is 217 BCE. It was the first chapter in the history of the Roman Empire. luminat) i no era un nom familiar sin un renom personal, encara que a la seva famlia se la distingeix desprs amb el nom dels Barca o Barcins. The milder terms Rome had given to Carthage in the aftermath of the First Punic War, and the friendly conduct of Rome during the mercenary war might have raised the possibility of a long period of peace between the two powers, but the seizure of Sardinia destroyed any real chance of peace among equals. The relations between Carthage and the Iberian Peninsula have mainly been viewed from the perspective of military domination. He was assigned the command in Sicily in 247 in the First Punic War (see Punic Wars). The answer was Spain. Rebels opposing this were stoned and Gisco and his fellow prisoners were tortured to death. Boston, Massachusetts, United States - April 20, 2013: Boston Harbor. In an effort to reestablish their position, they decided to make a scapegoat of Hamilcar Barca. [59], It is not exactly known how Hamilcar managed to outwit the rebels. Thus, in 241, the First Punic War drew to a close with the establishment of a new imperial power in the West. Hamilcar next raided Locri in Bruttium and the area around Brindisi in 247 BC. He kept his army intact and led a successful guerrilla war against the Romans in Sicily. Hamilcar and the Barcid line would now dominate the Carthaginian political and military arenas for the next 35 years. They had long since had control of the old Phoenician colonies there, and it had already proven a rich source of silver. Hamilcar Barca is a legendary purple general in Evony The King's Return. By winter of 240 BC, the situation had improved for Carthage. This loss was not huge, but after decades of war, it drove the cash-strapped Carthaginians to instruct Hamilcar to seek peace terms. Hamilcar's move away from the traditional naval power of Carthage to a land force was reaping fantastic rewards. The Carthaginian army was caught in a pincer movement; Hamilcar pretended to retreat, and Spendius likely attempted to trap the outnumbered Carthaginians against the river with his two forces, pinning them with one and out-flanking them with the other. 3rd-century BCE Carthaginian statesman and general, father of Hannibal, sfn error: no target: CITEREFScullard2006 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFBagnall1999 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFGoldsworthy2006 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFRankov2015 (, Diodorus Siculus 24.10, Polybius 1.73.1, 1.72.3. Poirson5.gif 449 637; 129 KB. Hamilcar Barca (c. 285 - c. 228 av. Of the eight coins, only five coins are not recognized by European archeologists and historians. Hamilcar defeated the confederates, killed the leaders and several of their soldiers, while he released a number of prisoners and incorporated 3,000 of the enemy into his army. He fought a series of successful battles until he reached (but did not destroy) the city of Rome. [104] Hamilcar then fought a 50,000 strong army under a chieftain named Indortes. Special interests include art, architecture, and discovering the ideas that all civilizations share. Hamilcar obtained permission from the Carthaginian Senate for recruiting and training a new army, with the immediate goal of securing the African domain of Carthage. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Hamilcar-Barca. [15] Carthage did not take advantage of their naval supremacy and carry the war to Italy other than launching a few raids. [17] During one of the raids, when troops under a subordinate commander named Bodostor engaged in plunder against the orders of Hamilcar and suffered severe casualties when the Romans caught up to them, Hamilcar requested a truce to bury his dead. Long-time rivals Hamilcar and Hanno could not agree on the best strategy and eventually the army was permitted to choose which general should lead them. From that area he mounted naval expeditions against the shores of Sicily and southern Italy. It is possible that Hamilcar Barca secured the last clause after the initial conditions, which were more favorable to Carthage, was altered by Rome with a harsher one. He is responsible for designing and . Sign up for our free weekly email newsletter! Entrusted with naval operations, he immediately set out to attack and ravage the coastline of Lucania and Bruttium. Hannibal Barca, born Carthage 247 B.C, Hannibal Barcar was the son of the Carthaginian general Hamilcar Barca. Hamilcar now had an army of 12,000 and 70 elephants with which to face the rebels. Hippacra and Utica were both besieged, and Hanno was unable to free them. By 490 BC, Massalia had managed to defeat Carthage twice, and a boundary along Cape Nao in Iberia was agreed upon,[102] while Carthage had closed the Straits of Gibraltar to foreign shipping. Hamlicar bristled at the terms of the treaty, which obligated Carthage to pay Rome a huge indemnity and to surrender all land in Sicily. Hamilcar's sons, Hannibal and Hasdrubal, had accompanied him. Their heavy handedness with Sardinian natives caused native Sardinians to attack and expel the mercenaries by 237 BC. He met fierce resistance from the Iberia tribes, even the friendly Bastetani offered battle. Commercial Artist, Barber, Sign Language Interpreter, Blind Mobility Aide. To preempt the danger he issued a challenge in front of the city for single combat between him and the Skaven horde. Hamilcar retired to Carthage after the peace treaty in 241BC, following the defeat of Carthage. Territories During the Second Punic WarJavierfv1212 (CC BY-SA). Related Content When the rebel leaders agreed to the terms, Hamilcar detained the rebel delegation. Hamilcars victory over the mercenaries in 237 contributed to his growing political power in Carthage and led him to pursue territory in Spain as compensation for the losses to Rome. [57] As the two rebel forces came into clear sight the Carthaginians wheeled, and marched away. No. Mathos could not, though, resist a joint army of Hamilcar and Hanno, and he was driven out of the city and defeated at Byzacium. As the cavalry and then the elephants came closer to the infantry Hamilcar ordered each in turn to also wheel about to face the rebels. The copyright holder has published this content under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. [58] Hamilcar unleashed his trap as the disorderly rebels closed on his formation. Punic Mercenaries stationed in Sardinia had rebelled in 239 BC, besieged Boaster and all Carthaginians in a citadel and later executed them after the fort fell. d. 229 or 228 BC, Carthaginian general. #1. However, The Carthaginian's, in any case, continued campaigning in Spain. [43], Lutatius did not have the authority to ratify the agreement he made with Hamilcar, so he forwarded them to the Comitia Centuriata in Rome. Hamilcar Barca gathered the Carthaginian soldiers from Drepana and Eryx at Lilybaeum, surrendered his command,[48] returned to Carthage and retired to private life, leaving Gisco and the Carthaginian government to pay off his soldiers. Dr. Hamilcar Barcas (also called Hamical Balcus in some translations) is one of the primary antagonists of Guyver: The Bioboosted Armour. Hamilcar probably fought an inconclusive battle at Drepanum,[22] but there is cause to doubt this.[24]. The total investment volume is $500 million . Whatever was the motivation behind this act, it was resented by the mercenaries left behind in Sicily. found: The Encyclopedia Americana, c1992: p. 736 (Hamilcar Barca, d. 229 B.C. Was Hanno a Barca? After his father led Carthage in the First Punic War, Hannibal took over the leadership of Carthaginian forces against Rome. Epist. His second was to implement his strategy for preparing Carthage for any future conflict with Rome,[82] or enable Carthage to defend itself against any aggression.[83]. Training for the army was obtained in some Numidian forays, then Hamilcar marched the army westwards to the Pillars of Hercules. The Romans responded by blockading Hamilcar, but he seems to have been able to break out regularly and continue his guerrilla tactics. Hamilcar's army either crossed the Straits of Gibraltar into Iberia from West Africa[88] or, having returned to Carthage after the African activities, sailed along the African coast to Gades. Syracuse redoubled the volume of supplies sent to Carthage. Hamilcar, captured during the wars, spent on distribution to his soldiers and sent to Carthage to buy the favor of the people and part of the aristocracy and make the idea of conquering Spain more popular. Hamilcar Barca: The Life and Legacy of the Legendary Carthaginian General Kindle Edition by Charles River Editors (Author) Format: Kindle Edition 5 ratings See all formats and editions Kindle $0.00 Read with Kindle Unlimited to also enjoy access to over 3 million more titles $3.99 to buy Paperback $8.99 1 Used from $10.20 4 New from $8.99 The Book of Inventions; Thomas J. Craughwell; 2008. Hamilcar's faction gained enough clout, if not supreme power in Carthage, for Hamilcar to implement his next agenda. [90] Several modern historians have interpreted this as Hannibal swearing to be a lifelong enemy of Rome bent on revenge,[91][92][93][94] while others hold that this interpretation is a distortion.[95][96][97]. World History Encyclopedia. [54], The rebels held the hills to the west of Carthage and the only bridge across the Bagradas river leading to Utica. The Undefeated army now created a unique problem for Carthage. Hamilcar counted them one after another with the tip of his finger; then he hid his face in a saffron-coloured veil, and, falling on his knees, stretched himself on the ground with both arms extended. Hamilcar in turn nominated Gisco,[38] the Carthaginian commander of Lilybaeum, to conduct the talks. [88] Phoenician colonies were strung along the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts of southwestern Spain and exercised some degree of control over their immediate areas, but only had trading contacts, not direct control, over the tribes of Iberia at that time. He was also father-in-law to Hasdrubal the Fair. She apparently was from Lisbon. [50] Hamilcar's former soldiers, who had been kept together only by his personal authority and by the promise of good pay, broke out into open mutiny once Hanno the Great tried to impose this, and marched on Carthage and encamped at Tunis. Roman deserters may have been surrendered on a later date. Hamilcar's victory opened communication with Utica, and gave Hamilcar the chance to bring nearby towns under Carthaginian control by force or negotiations. Carthage faced a joint rebellion of mercenary troops, understandably upset at not having been paid for their efforts in the first Punic War, Libyan groups seizing the opportunity of a weakened Carthage to rebel, and several cities looking for independence such as Tunis and Utica. 285-c. 229 B.C.) Completed Exodus Transitional Program. Hannibal was inclined to the god, Apollo. The Skaven warlord Ikrit accepted, but revealed only a clanrat . The Carthaginians had gained command of the sea after their victories in 249 BC, but they only held two cities in Sicily: Lilybaeum and Drepanum by the time Hamilcar took up command. While Hamilcar won no large-scale battle or recaptured any cities lost to the Romans, he waged a relentless campaign against the enemy, and caused a constant drain on Roman resources. Quoting Tony Bath, "The Barca family, which originally came from Cyrene, was a powerful one but not at that time among the first families of Carthage". As the strain on the Punic population increased, Carthaginian authorities then sent them off to Sicca, planning to plead with the whole army to forgo their unpaid wages by pointing out the dire financial situation of Carthage. In addition to maintaining a fleet and soldiers in Sicily, they were also fighting the Libyans and Numidians in northern Africa. There, after several skirmishes, Hamilcar cornered the enemy at 'the Saw' (Prion), a ridge in the Libyan mountains. After 15 years of fighting, there was still no end in sight to the Second Punic War. The Carthaginians destroyed the rebel army, after which the Libyan towns submitted to Carthage. Until the rise to power of his son Hannibal, Hamilcar was the finest commander and statesman that Carthage had produced. The Iberians had support from Celtiberian tribes and were under the command of two chieftains, Istolatios and his brother. However, the rebels regrouped, and observing lax discipline among the Punic troops, launched a surprise sortie and routed the Punic army while Hanno was absent,[52] driving the survivors to Utica and capturing all the baggage. Hamilcar is the latinization of Hamlkas (Greek: ), the hellenized form of the common Semitic Phoenician-Carthaginian masculine given name MLK (Punic: )[1][2] or MLQRT (),[citation needed] meaning "Melqart's brother". Hamilcar Barca. Hamilcar Barca 275-228 BC In respect of individual courage the Romans were far superior, but the general who must be acknowledged as the greatest on either side, both in daring and in genius, was Hamilcar, surnamed Barca. Finally, with the fall of the rebel capital in 237 BCE, Hippacra and Utica back on the Carthaginian side, and Libya now compliant, Carthage had regained control of its African empire. Hamilcar Barca ( #89-A-8926 ) < Previous Employment Profile Next Employment Profile > Employment; Skills. Seizing upon Carthages weakness, Rome took the islands of Sardinia and Corsica, and, when an enraged Hamilcar moved to respond, Rome increased the amount of the Carthaginian indemnity. Roman consul Fundanius (243/2 BC) arrogantly replied that Hamilcar should request a truce to save his living and denied the request. Hamilcar had three sons, Hannibal, Hasdrubal and Mago, who were all to have distinguished military careers. Hamilcar Barca or Barcas (Punic: , omilqart Baraq; c.275228BC) was a Carthaginian general and statesman, leader of the Barcid family, and father of Hannibal, Hasdrubal and Mago. Its reign began with Hamilcar Barca or Barcas (c. 275-228 BC), who was the Carthaginian general and statesman, leader of the Barcid family, and father of Hannibal, Hasdrubal and Mago. The Romans rejected these terms and appointed ten commissioners, led by Quantius Lutatius Cerco, brother of the consul and himself consul in 240 BC, to reexamine the conditions. However, the constant skirmishing without ultimate victory may have caused the morale of some of Hamilcar's troops to crack and 1,000 Celtic mercenaries tried to betray the Punic camp to the Romans, which was foiled. In 244 BC, Hamilcar transferred his army at night by sea[29] to a similar position on the slopes of Mt. Rebel leaders feared mass desertions might result because of Hamilcar's policy towards prisoners. Hamilcar simply replied that he was fighting to gather enough booty to pay off the war indemnity. After Carthage's defeat by . Using a blend of terror and diplomacy Hamilcar relentlessly expanded his control over southern Spain. Hamilcar Barca / ( hmlk bk, hmlk) / noun died ?228 bc, Carthaginian general; father of Hannibal. He makes his first appearance when the series' events shift to Relic's Point, overseeing the research and . Hamilcar Barca (c. 285 c. 228 BCE) was a Carthaginian general active in the First Punic War (264-241 BCE). [110] Massalia, probably alarmed by the Carthaginian advance towards their area of influence, mentioned this expansion to the Romans, who decided to investigate the matter. He made no attempt to join Hanno near Utica. [1] L Hamilcar the Carthaginian, son of Hannibal and surnamed Barca, in the First Punic War, but when it was nearly ended, was first put in command of an army in Sicily, when he was a very young man. The rebel loss was 8,000 dead with 4,000 captured. When his troops rushed towards the retreating Carthaginians, Spendius was either unable to control them or believed that the Carthaginians were fleeing and encouraged his forces' pursuit. In this war unbelievable atrocities were committed on both sides. The war started to improve for Carthage when they were aided by Rome, who repatriated captured Carthaginian soldiers for free, and the tyrant of Syracuse Hiero, who feared that without Carthage then Rome might act at will in the central Mediterranean. At this point, the Carthaginian senate reinstated Hanno and forced Hamilcar to share command. [121] Without Punic records to cross reference, these remain mere supposition. [67] The rebel army was slaughtered, with the elephants trampling most to death. [64] In response, Hamilcar began to harass the rebel supply lines and soon the rebels were placed in a state of siege. The Carthaginian government then raised an army of 10,000 soldiers and 70 elephants and put Hamilcar Barca in command. Hamilcar commanded the Carthaginian land forces in Sicily from 247 BC to 241 BC, during the latter stages of the First Punic War. [51] The rebels divided their forces: detachments were sent to besiege Utica and Hippo, while others cut Carthage off from the mainland, probably in the winter of 241 BC or spring of 240 BC. Valerius Maximus has Hamilcar speak of "four lion's whelps which I have raised to exterminate the Roman name. Hannibal Barca was one of the great generals of ancient times. 18 Jan 2023. 116117, Goldsworthy, Adrian, The Fall of Carthage, p135-36, Lazenby, J.F, The First Punic War, p. 175. Opened communication with Utica, and discovering the ideas that all civilizations share his! The Barcid line would now dominate the Carthaginian government then raised an army of soldiers... 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