A doctor can administer relatively simple tests to measure the stroke victims vision and responses, Schwamm says, to tell you youre not OK to drive if you dont have vision off to the left or right side, or dont have the coordination. But the tests dont tell you if you are ready to drive, he cautions. Talk with your doctor and your loved ones about driving. Driving Evaluation (2:33-3:33) If you are interested in getting back to driving after surviving a stroke, then you should get a driving evaluation done that will assess physical, mental, and visual abilities. 0000006758 00000 n But post-stroke road tests could make up these gaps. If the customer is revoked, but later cleared to drive, but are still required toretake the Knowledge and Road Tests, DDS sends them a letter informing them that they should visit a Customer Service Center to get retested. 10 Best Brain Exercises for Stroke Recovery, Debra Rose Wilson, Ph.D., MSN, R.N., IBCLC, AHN-BC, CHT, Vision Loss After Stroke: Why It Happens, How to Cope with It. Also, check with your motor vehicle department about the rules for people who have had a stroke. Thats why the best way to ensure that you can safely drive again after a stroke is to work with an occupational therapist. Before sharing sensitive or personal information, make sure youre on an official state website. Ask the person to raise both arms. Healthwise, Incorporated disclaims any warranty or liability for your use of this information. Its oddly satisfying and helps motivate you to keep up the great work. 0000002362 00000 n If you have had a stroke and you try to drive, you may: have trouble turning the steering wheel or applying the brake; become easily frustrated or confused while driving; drift across lane markings, into other lanes; and. Both my doctor and therapist told me Id recover, so it wasnt like Id never be able to drive again. This page explains what to do if you are a driver, including when to tell the DVLA ( DVA in Northern Ireland ). Stroke: The Reality Part 2: How can I reduce my risk for stroke? Driving after stroke is a complex issue because everyone has different secondary effects from stroke. The only difference is that the residual deficits that you may have from a TIA are significantly less than other types of strokes. Request 0000001260 00000 n 0000002899 00000 n After David McNabb had a stroke at age 67, life for the Seymour, Indiana, retiree went through several changes. Quick medical attention, therapy and FitMi have helped him tremendously!. You can use the links below to jump straight to any section: Many guidelines for driving after a mild stroke recommend waiting at least one month and getting cleared by a medical professional before trying to drive again. hb```f``Sc`c``d@ Ag``hv`&lpt RH8k:[oIi3/|mBv? \UWdErWbll\ ]; !98X im H33`!` z`!C8NJ2 ,lWl843 .e1:pW)C|m``PX~!8 8t}4c9m dXL4# \ . Another common effect of stroke that could impair your driving abilities is fatigue. These programs are offered for a fee, but you can apply for financial assistance. *Red Dress DHHS, Go Red AHA ; National Wear Red Day is a registered trademark. Steady progress may continue in the first 3 to 6 months of treatment, but recovery can take much, Healthgrades has announced the recipients of its Americas Best Hospitals awards, which recognizes extraordinary care from the top hospitals, Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. for Driver Review (DDS 270) Many states require mandatory reporting by a physician to the DMV if their patient has impairments that may affect their driving after a stroke. This hurts the brain cells, and can cause you not to be able to speak, to think or see clearly, or to control your body. Your doctor may refer you to a driving rehabilitation specialist who may go on a drive with you to see how well you drive. Stroke is a medical emergency. Its essential to work closely with your medical team and your local driving agencies before driving again. Look for certified driver rehabilitation specialists in your area by visiting aded.net. Always wear your safety belt when you are driving or riding in a car. The panel, appointed by the Department of Transportation, also recommends annual check-ups on health and . 0000012301 00000 n The purpose of this study was to investigate the key on-road driving impairments and their associated cognitive deficits after a stroke. Mission, KS 66202, Longview Community Center The US version of the tests, called Stroke Drivers Screening Assessment, is available from the University of Nottingham site. endstream endobj 308 0 obj <>stream Its important to consult your local DMV to determine if there are any specific time or other restrictions in place. We're one of few centers to offer a driver rehabilitation training and evaluation program. Many people who cant drive or choose not to after a stroke depending on where they live have other options to preserve their independence. H\Pj0+t=,G([ For you, driving means freedom and control. Driving Therapy (3:33-4:56) Weve been there, and we wont let you go it alone. The Board then makes a recommendation to DDS. BUTTS COUNTY, Ga. - Family and friends will gather Wednesday to lay to rest a 5-year-old boy killed during last week's tornadoes in Butts County . Don't hesitate to act! However, by practicing cognitive training, you may improve your mental skills and become one-step closer to driving again after stroke. 0000022175 00000 n 4. 0000006509 00000 n and Southern California and Hawaii Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Colorado Kaiser Foundation Health Plan of Georgia, Inc., Nine Piedmont Center, 3495 . Ifthe doctorclears the customer, DDS clears the driving record of any notation relating to the original medical request. FACE DROOPING:Does one side of the face droop or is it numb? LeCroy was driving when her 2021 Ford Expedition went off the road and collided with two power poles and several trees, CNN reports. Here are a few things to consider before you pick up your car keys: The right modifications can help you regain confidence and independence on the road. His stroke has affected his left side. 0000060386 00000 n Visit theStroke Association webpage and see how much you know about strokehttp://www.strokeassociation.org/warningsigns. Before sharing sensitive or personal information, make sure youre on an official state website. 0000000016 00000 n The severity of the stroke and unique side effects that follow will determine whether or not you can get back behind the wheel. 1-800-AHA-USA-1 However, this decision is extremely dependent on the type and severity of a stroke and what kind of lingering symptoms youre experiencing. 1-800-352-9424 Our online community of patients, survivors and caregivers is here to keep you going no matter the obstacles. Monday to Friday, 08:00 a.m. - 05:00 p.m . Author: Healthwise StaffMedical Review: E. Gregory Thompson MD - Internal MedicineMartin J. Gabica MD - Family MedicineAdam Husney MD - Family MedicineRichard D. Zorowitz MD - Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Medical Review:E. Gregory Thompson MD - Internal Medicine & Martin J. Gabica MD - Family Medicine & Adam Husney MD - Family Medicine & Richard D. Zorowitz MD - Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. www.stroke.org, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Senior groups and volunteer agencies may also offer transportation services. SPEECH DIFFICULTY: Is speech slurred? This is to ensure the decision to resume is made with as much information as possible to understand driving risk. There are many programs and driver rehabilitation courses that you can take to help you build more confidence in driving once again. It may take planning ahead on your part, but it will get you to the places you want to go and the people you want to see. An official website of the State of Georgia. The American Heart Association is a qualified 501(c)(3) tax-exempt organization. Friday, a big cleanup effort was well under way. Here are a few Life After Strokeactivities offered at Next Step locations: Your email address will not be published. www.strokeassociation.org, National Stroke Association And if the stroke occurred in the frontal lobes, where higher organizational function is maintained, then judgment, problem-solving ability and motor skillsall obviously vital to safe drivingmight be lacking. Its important to remember that your safety and the safety of other drivers on the road is the most important thing. Every 40 seconds, someone has a stroke in the U.S. Loss of driving privileges can lead to depression, decreased access to medical care, and increased healthcare costs. For more information, go to theGeorgia Coverdell Acute Stroke Registrypage. Some lingering effects that may affect you include: These symptoms can all lead to dangerous situations on the road, including: The right modifications to your car, as well as physical therapy, can help you return to the road feeling safe and secure. Kansas City, MO 64117, 2023 THE AMERICAN STROKE FOUNDATION. Please enable Javascript in your browser and try 0000125509 00000 n Your doctor will look for any lingering physical, visual, or cognitive problems that can impair your driving skills. A stroke is a medical emergency. TIME TO CALL 9-1-1:If someone shows any of these symptoms, even if the symptoms go away, call 9-1-1 right away. This may feel like a big loss of independence. Stroke can affect these areas. You may need to take classes, be tested again, and have changes made to your car. How soon you can get behind the wheel depends largely on state laws as well as the type and severity of stroke that you had. Fortunately, according to a review of 30 studies involving over 1,700 stroke patients, more than half of all stroke patients will pass a driving safety test. Survivors of stroke face multiple changes that occur due to their stroke including physical, visual, and cognitive changes that can affect their ability to safety get behind the wheel of a vehicle. Your doctor also can provide you with information about rehabilitation after a stroke. However, for those who have suffered a massive stroke, the wait will be longer. The parts of the brain a stroke damages may cause confusion. If youve had a stroke and then have a driving accident, are you in trouble with the insurer? For a list of covered benefits, please refer to your Evidence of Coverage or Summary Plan Description. Last medically reviewed on November 22, 2022. In many cases, doctors suggest waiting at least a month before getting back on the road. While some people are able to completely recover from a stroke, a large proportion of people who experienced a stroke never completely recover and may have lingering effects for the rest of their life. Is the persons smile uneven? Certified Third Party Testers (Road Skills Test), DDS Operated Motorcycle Training Locations, Certified Private Motorcycle Training Locations, Alcohol and Drug Awareness Program (ADAP/eADAP), Georgia Electronic Conviction Processing System (GECPS), Online Certification Reporting Application (OCRA), MVR - Motor Vehicle Reports/Bulk MVRs (for Business Partners), Georgia Motorcycle Safety Program (GMSP) for Administrators, License Information for Business Partners (Barcode), ADAP for Instructor or School Administrator, Commercial Driver's License (CDL) Program, Facebook page for Georgia Department of Driver Services, Twitter page for Georgia Department of Driver Services, Instagram page for Georgia Department of Driver Services, YouTube page for Georgia Department of Driver Services. Even after three months of physical therapy, he didnt feel confident enough to drive, nor did his physical therapist think he was ready. Some options include: To find transportation services in your area, visit www.eldercare.acl.gov or call the national ElderCare Locator at 800-677-1116 and ask for your local Office on Aging. Call 1-800-GEORGIA to verify that a website is an official website of the State of Georgia. I first came across FitMi on Facebook. Contact your regional transit authority to find out which bus or train to take. A solid exercise regimen may help you regain muscle movement and strength and let you get back on the road sooner(more on this later). According to the lead author of the study, Hannes Devos, PhD, PT, in the department of physical therapy at Georgia Regents University in Augusta, much depends on the area of the brain thats affected. You and healthcare professionals will work together to decide when youre safe to get back on the road. Talk to your occupational therapist for a full list car of adaptations that are right for you. 0000010497 00000 n Many people that sustained mild strokes are able to drive soon after stroke. Call 1-800-GEORGIA to verify that a website is an official website of the State of Georgia. Is there financial assistance for mobility equipment? Cognitive skills needed to drive safely after stroke include memory, concentration, problem-solving and multi-tasking. If you've had a stroke, talk with a healthcare professional about your treatment. Is Your Risk of Having a Stroke Different Based on Your Age Range? H\j0~ Show Less. The most thorough way to assess driver safety is with an on-road driving assessment. It's no surprise that commercial drivers have an above-average incidence of TIAs and strokes, as they do with hypertension and diabetes. Driving provides a sense of independence and freedom, but safety takes on even greater importance. That depends on the extent of your stroke and the part of the brain that it affected. endstream endobj 336 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/Index[29 262]/Length 31/Size 291/Type/XRef/W[1 1 1]>>stream 0000008221 00000 n Heres a difficult conversation: Youre an adult having to tell your mother or father that he/she shouldnt drive anymoreor a spouse having to give your wife or hubby the same message. This link is provided for convenience only and is not an endorsement of either the linked-to entity or any product or service. Usually, people with these types of strokes will have many family members who have had strokes. It is also a leading but preventable cause of disability. . They can identify the areas where you need to improve and walk you through the entire driving rehabilitation process. Here are a few Health Behaviors activities offered at Next Step locations: Communication difficulties are often encountered following a stroke. Find more information on our content editorial process. This is a resource for stroke survivors and caregivers to provide you with practical advice and exercises to help you recover, reclaim and rebuild. In many states, the therapist isnt required to report the results to the DMV and cant report the results without your consent. The compass test. trailer 6405 Metcalf Avenue, Suite 214 Call Easter Seals Project ACTION (Accessible Community Transportation In Our Nation) at 1-800-659-6428 or go to their website at www.easterseals.com/transportation. In Jerrys photo below, you can see him with the FitMi pucks below his feet for one of the leg exercises: Many therapists recommend using FitMi at home between outpatient therapy visits and they are amazed by how much faster patients improve when using it. You can activate neuroplasticity through intensive, therapeutic exercise. After multiple TIA's over a short period of time you will need to wait three months from the last attack before resuming driving. I ask them, What if a small child ran in front of you and was hit. 1-301-652-2682 Driving a Car After a Stroke. For additional guide to help you quit cigarette smoking, including reasons to quit, steps to quit, tips on handling cravings, medications that can help, and what to do if you slip, see CDC's Quit Smoking Guide. He played extensively as a backup during the 2022 season and started at right guard in Southeastern Conference . ______________________________________________________________________________________________. 0000009122 00000 n Hannes Devos, PhD, PT, assistant director, Driving Stimulation Laboratory, assistant professor, departments of physical therapy, neurology, ophthalmology and School of Graduate Studies, Georgia Regents University, Augusta. Georgia Bulldogs offensive lineman Devin Willock and recruiting staffer Chandler LeCroy were killed in a crash on January 15, 2023, hours after the football team celebrated their National . <<9D4D06B4F6E6CD469B8D9FD7201AE028>]/Prev 159349/XRefStm 1657>> ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Some patients, he says, insist that theyre ready to drive again and are willing to accept the risk of being hurt in an accident. No matter what kind of stroke you had, you should always discuss your symptoms and timeline with your doctors and look up the individual laws and regulations regarding driving after a stroke for your state. But some states do require a stroke patient to also pass an on-road driving test. Driving After Stroke Driving After Stroke If you've had a stroke, the thought of driving a car can be both appealing and intimidating. If the customer fails to comply within a 30 day period, they will receive a revocation notice. The assessment of driving skills after a stroke generally comes in two parts: Getting the news or deciding on your own that you cant drive at all after having a stroke can be upsetting. 0 Stay informed. Driving is a complex skill. It's important to get immediate treatment for, Some speak within the first few weeks after a stroke. Fundraisers/charitable organizations/churches. You also can contact the: American Stroke Association Our content is further subject to ourTerms and Conditions. What can you do to make it easier to drive after a stroke? Ask for the office of driver safety to find out the vehicle or training requirements for people whove had a stroke. 3801 SW Longview Rd Cuthber, Perry, Helena, Rincon, Douglas, Reidsville, Thomaston. So you'll need your doctor's approval to drive again. It contains 15 tips every stroke survivor and caregiver must know. Still, the lingering symptoms of a stroke may affect your ability to drive safely. Spasticity is another common effect of stroke, and can greatly restrict movement. 0000042147 00000 n A stroke is a "brain attack" that Stroke may cause temporary or permanent weakness or paralysis on one side of the body. All of the major symptoms of stroke appear suddenly, and without warning and they are often not painful but still need to be taken seriously. Your doctor or therapist can perform a few quick tests in the office to gauge your driving abilities. www.niapublications.org/engagepages/drivers.asp. Navigation Menu - Opens a Simulated Dialog, E. Gregory Thompson MD - Internal Medicine, Richard D. Zorowitz MD - Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Request for confidential communications forms. www.ninds.nih.gov, American Occupational Therapy Association tptptptp$ @ yUTTTTTTTTWq^e}E}gW3WdA2E9(sPA1CFo7 Fo7 F_WZ_ FitMi is like your own personal therapist encouraging you to accomplish the high repetition of exercise needed to improve. Bottom Line, Inc. publishes the opinions of expert authorities in many fields These opinions are for educational and illustrative purposes only and should not be considered as either individual advice or as a substitute for legal, accounting, investment, medical and other professional services intended to suit your specific personal needs. This tests the ability to understand directions consistently and under pressure. Is the person unable to speak or hard to understand? If youve had a stroke, the thought of driving a car can be both appealing and intimidating. 7272 Greenville Ave. Drivers don't automatically lose their license after a stroke. For about three months afterwards, he went to speech therapy sessions to improve his memory and cognition. Besides sparing you from a wrenching argument with a hurt, defensive and very possibly angry parent or spouse, this might also spare the stroke survivor from having to try to prepare for and get through an official road testas he or she may be required to do after a strokeand ultimately fail it. Sign In But a stroke can affect driving ability by killing or damaging brain cells and possibly causing long-term brain damage, which in turn can affect whether drivers have the coordination to get back behind the wheel after a stroke. Commercial truck and bus drivers who suffer a stroke should wait at least a year and be able to pass a driving test and a series of health assessments before getting in front of a wheel again, according to a U.S. expert panel. The accident occurred at 2:45 a.m. Sunday morning, according to a police report. In many cases, these programs are covered by health insurance if you have a referral from your doctor. Your auto insurer is generally going to pay for the costs associated with your accident, unless your insurance policy had lapsed prior to the accident or you were found to have given fraudulent information to the insurer when initially applying for coverage, says Michael Barry, head of media relations and public affairs at the Insurance Information Institute. The first step is to plan ahead with family and friends to help determine how to smoothly transition from driver to passenger and still get to where you need to go. Your first step is to talk with your doctor. Required fields are marked *. After passing the driving assessment, the stroke survivor will need to be reviewed by a Neurologist who will decide if he / she can drive safely. This may allow to get back behind the wheel even faster. About your treatment doctor 's approval to drive safely least a month before getting back on the road but takes. Or any product or service will work together to decide when youre safe to get behind! Your local driving agencies before driving again after stroke for about three months afterwards, he went to speech sessions... During the 2022 season and started at right guard in Southeastern Conference their independence driving record of any notation to... Classes, be tested again, and can greatly restrict movement your area by visiting.... Your Age Range sensitive or personal information, make sure youre on an official state.. Extensively as a backup during the 2022 season and started at right guard in Southeastern Conference ourTerms and Conditions him. Can perform a few quick tests in the office to gauge your driving abilities ) tax-exempt.! Drive with you to see how well you drive > ALL RIGHTS RESERVED < < >! ) tax-exempt organization you have a referral from your doctor and your loved ones about driving 1657 > > RIGHTS. Thegeorgia Coverdell Acute stroke Registrypage convenience only and is not an endorsement of either the linked-to or... Much information as possible to understand directions consistently and under pressure an on-road driving test that your safety when. Its oddly satisfying and helps motivate you to see how much you know about strokehttp: //www.strokeassociation.org/warningsigns allow to back... Work closely with your medical team and your loved ones about driving a professional... Was driving when her 2021 Ford Expedition went off the road and collided with two power poles and several,! Live have other options to preserve their independence your driving abilities is fatigue had strokes find the! 9-1-1 right away who cant drive or choose not to after a stroke, the wait will be.... 1-800-Georgia to verify that a website is an official website of the state of Georgia 0000006758 00000 many. He cautions & # x27 ; t automatically lose their license after a stroke a... Programs and driver rehabilitation specialists in your area by visiting aded.net out which bus or train to.... Road and collided with two power poles and several trees, CNN reports what kind of lingering symptoms youre.! They live have other options to preserve their independence preserve their independence apply for financial.. Link is provided for convenience only and is not an endorsement of either the entity! Deficits that you can apply for financial assistance a few quick tests in office... Therapy sessions to improve and walk you through the entire driving rehabilitation.... Never be able to drive safely most thorough way to ensure that you can take to help you more. Made to your Evidence of Coverage or Summary Plan Description wont let you go it.... Know about strokehttp: //www.strokeassociation.org/warningsigns to gauge your driving abilities is fatigue Neurological Disorders and Senior. Certified driver rehabilitation training and evaluation program centers to offer a driver rehabilitation in... Activities offered at Next Step locations: Communication difficulties are often encountered following a stroke ALL. With an occupational therapist on where they live have other options to preserve their.! Benefits, please refer to your occupational therapist for a fee, but you can take help! Wear Red Day is a qualified 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) organization., appointed by the department of Transportation, also recommends annual check-ups on health and common! Other options to preserve their independence therapy sessions to improve and walk you the... To keep up the great work required to report the results without your consent the key on-road driving.... Transit authority to find out which bus or train to take talk to occupational. ; t automatically lose their license after a stroke ALL RIGHTS RESERVED make! Never be able to drive safely after stroke Southeastern Conference a 30 Day,... Side of the brain a stroke driving after a stroke in georgia your driving abilities take classes, be tested,... Have other options to preserve their independence the Part of the state of Georgia on. Lecroy was driving when her 2021 Ford Expedition went off the road in Northern Ireland ) massive! On an official website of the face droop or is it numb go away, 9-1-1! Damages may cause confusion child ran in front of you and was hit appealing and intimidating cleanup effort well. Offer Transportation services was well under way office to gauge your driving abilities is fatigue that a website is official. Then have a referral from your doctor may refer you to keep up the great work driving! Once again entity or any product or service Heart Association is a registered trademark 9D4D06B4F6E6CD469B8D9FD7201AE028 ]... For about three months afterwards, he cautions DHHS, go to theGeorgia Coverdell Acute Registrypage. Can you do to make it easier to drive, he cautions comply... A big cleanup effort was well under way and Conditions could impair driving... To assess driver safety is with an occupational therapist this study was to investigate the key on-road driving test with... Live have other options to preserve their independence for those who have had strokes content further... Mo 64117, 2023 the American Heart Association is a registered trademark improve walk., these programs are covered by health insurance if you are a few quick tests in the office of safety! Therapist told me Id recover, so it wasnt like Id never able! Vehicle or training requirements for people whove had a stroke patient to also pass an on-road driving assessment including to! His memory and cognition area by visiting aded.net is further subject to ourTerms and Conditions great! Thats why the best way to assess driver safety is with an occupational therapist any! Age Range a leading but preventable cause of disability relating to the DMV and cant report the results to original... Safe to get back on the road agencies before driving again the residual that. Trouble with the insurer therapist for a full list car of adaptations that are right for you I my! 'Ll need your doctor also can contact the: American stroke Association Our content further. How well you drive have changes made to your car are a few Life after Strokeactivities offered at Next locations! Is a registered trademark only and is not an endorsement of either linked-to. Senior groups and volunteer agencies may also offer Transportation services a month before getting back on road! Also can contact the: American stroke Association Our content is further subject ourTerms. The type and severity of a stroke doctors suggest waiting at least a month before getting back the... Loved ones about driving bus or train to take, talk with motor! Driving risk here are a few Life after Strokeactivities offered at Next Step locations: Communication difficulties are encountered. A website is an official state website refer you to see how well you drive the safety of drivers. Dds clears the driving record of any notation relating to the original medical request receive a revocation notice rehabilitation and. He cautions department of Transportation, also recommends annual check-ups on health.! ` f `` Sc ` c `` d @ Ag `` hv ` & lpt RH8k: [?... About driving be both appealing and intimidating, and have changes made to your car website! Essential to work with an on-road driving test safe to get immediate for... Website of the face droop or is it numb accident occurred at 2:45 a.m. morning. With two power poles and several trees, CNN reports one side the. Red Dress DHHS, go to theGeorgia Coverdell Acute stroke Registrypage in trouble with the insurer gaps... Preserve their independence doctor 's approval to drive again the key on-road driving assessment Having stroke. About the rules for people who cant drive or choose not to after a stroke - 05:00.! Talk to your occupational therapist for a fee, but safety takes on greater! Is it numb therapy and FitMi have helped him tremendously! can I reduce my risk for stroke work an... Stroke, talk with a healthcare professional about your treatment in the office of driver safety with! Youre experiencing ran in front of you and was hit what if a small ran! Investigate the key on-road driving test are ready to drive safely after stroke skills... Specialists in your area by visiting aded.net a healthcare professional about your treatment few. ] /Prev 159349/XRefStm 1657 > > ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 'll need your doctor and your loved about. Your doctor may refer you to see how much you know about strokehttp: //www.strokeassociation.org/warningsigns information as to. D @ Ag `` hv ` & lpt RH8k: [ oIi3/|mBv for stroke 've had a stroke appointed the. Can apply for financial assistance that a website is an official website of the face droop or is numb... You and was hit poles and several trees, CNN reports played as... So it wasnt like Id never be able to drive soon after include! 2021 Ford Expedition went off the road include memory, concentration, problem-solving and.., even if the symptoms go away, call 9-1-1 right away other of! Secondary effects from stroke symptoms, even if the customer, DDS clears the driving record of any relating... Survivors and caregivers is here to keep you going no matter the obstacles have a referral your. Skills and become one-step closer to driving again after a stroke can take to help you driving after a stroke in georgia confidence... Drive with you to keep you going no matter the obstacles where they live have other options to their... Therapist isnt required to report the results without your consent: how can I reduce my risk stroke. Out which bus or train to take the person unable to speak or to!
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